The promising statements of scientists and the results of testing batteries for electric vehicles give hope that soon the car will travel up to 800 km on one electric motor. Everything goes to the fact that in 10 years, sales of electric and hybrid (gasoline-electric) cars may reach one percent of the total gigantic sales of the automotive market.
Electric car battery technology differs in the chemical elements used in them. Choosing the optimal battery for an electric vehicle is difficult because customized solutions work well in different situations.
We will help you to find out about the most popular and the different types of battery technology which are used for electric cars. Below we are introducing you to a description of car battery types.
Lithium-ion battery.
Popularity and ability to perform at a high level. Those who asked about electric car batteries at least one time, definitely know about lithium battery packs for cars. They have made the greatest contribution to the advanced development of the electric power sector in recent years. They are distinguished by their efficiency, low cost, and excellent performance in relation to the elements’ weight. These are the best batteries when you consider three parameters: optimizing the size and weight of the battery, the ratio of mass to the amount of stored energy, and a favorable price. Many household products, such as phones, computers, and vacuum cleaners, use lithium-ion batteries.
Nickel metal hydride battery.
These are unique battery cells with chemical and physical properties that are relatively uncommon. Hydrogen is a raw resource that necessitates extra caution. When the battery is not in use, it loses energy, but this is offset by the lengthy battery life. Specialized products, such as medical equipment, require nickel-metal hydride batteries. These kinds of solutions have high production costs.
Lead-acid batteries.
Low life and impressive power. This category of batteries has excellent power parameters. However, in an electric car, a solution that is highly efficient even at low temperatures, when such batteries do not function well, is required. While typical automotive batteries experience a decline in these conditions as well, lead-acid cells fare the worst. Low cost and dependability are two of their advantages.
Condensers with a lot of power.
Supercapacitors or ultracapacitors are primarily used to provide the required power supply in the event of a temporary power outage. For this reason, when they need more power, their role becomes like providing more power for electric vehicles.
Many electric vehicles employ rechargeable batteries, which are made up of many cells that may be charged at the same time. You can achieve better results than single cells by combining the capabilities of supercapacitors with lithium-ion and nickel-metal hydride batteries. Lithium-ion batteries, which are most typically used in electric vehicles, currently dominate the automobile industry.
So, due to the parameters described above, the lithium-ion battery is most commonly used. Moreover, the technology associated with these elements is still evolving. Leading suppliers are working to break down further barriers to a range of vehicles that use this type of battery as an energy source.
Nickel-metal hydride batteries are used in hybrid vehicles. The electric vehicle battery sector rarely uses lead-acid batteries, although they sometimes complement lithium-ion batteries. At the current stage of development, this technology is not yet ready for use on a wider scale.
Supercapacitors find their place in electric vehicles as well, allowing the vehicle to increase its power under high load. This allows a standard battery to be supported during overclocking. Supercapacitors are also very important for regenerative braking, which converts thermal energy into electricity.
The Washington Magazine 